enchanced_backup/ebup.sh

#!/bin/bash

set -euo pipefail

# --- Functions ---

print_usage() {
    echo "Usage: $0 [backup_output_path] [--list file_with_paths] [--exclude path] [--exclude-from file] -- <src_dir1> <src_dir2> ..."
    echo
    echo "Examples:"
    echo "    $0 /backup/my_backup.tar.gz -- /home/user /etc"
    echo "    BACKUP_PATH=/backup/auto.tar.gz $0 --list dirs.txt -- /var/log"
    echo "    $0 /mnt/backup/nextcloud_mirror -- /srv/nextcloud"
    echo "    $0 /backup.tgz --exclude \"/home/*/.cache\" -- /home"
    exit 1
}

parse_args() {
    local -n _target_path=$1
    local -n _src_dirs=$2
    local -n _list_file=$3
    local -n _archive_type=$4
    local -n _exclude_paths=$5
    local -n _exclude_file=$6

    local positional=()
    local in_sources=0
    shift 6

    while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
        case "$1" in
            --list)
                shift
                _list_file="${1:-}"
                if [[ -z "$_list_file" || ! -f "$_list_file" ]]; then
                    echo "Error: list file '$_list_file' not found." >&2
                    print_usage
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            --exclude)
                shift
                _exclude_paths+=("$1")
                shift
                ;;
            --exclude-from)
                shift
                _exclude_file="$1"
                if [[ ! -f "$_exclude_file" ]]; then
                    echo "Error: exclude-from file '$_exclude_file' not found." >&2
                    print_usage
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            --)
                in_sources=1
                shift
                ;;
            *)
                if [[ $in_sources -eq 1 ]]; then
                    _src_dirs+=("$1")
                else
                    positional+=("$1")
                fi
                shift
                ;;
        esac
    done

    if [[ ${#positional[@]} -gt 1 ]]; then
        echo "Error: Too many positional arguments before --" >&2
        print_usage
    elif [[ ${#positional[@]} -eq 1 ]]; then
        _target_path="${positional[0]}"
    else
        _target_path="${BACKUP_PATH:-}"
    fi

    if [[ -z "$_target_path" ]]; then
        echo "Error: No target path provided and BACKUP_PATH is not set." >&2
        print_usage
    fi

    case "$_target_path" in
        *.tar) _archive_type="tar";;
        *.tar.gz|*.tgz) _archive_type="targz";;
        *.tar.xz|*.txz) _archive_type="tarxz";;
        *.tar.bz2|*.tbz) _archive_type="tarbz2";;
        *.7z) _archive_type="7z";;
        *) _archive_type="NONE";;
    esac
}

load_dirs_from_list_file() {
    local -n _src_dirs=$1
    local list_file="$2"

    if [[ -n "$list_file" ]]; then
        while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
            [[ -z "$line" || "$line" =~ ^# ]] && continue
            _src_dirs+=("$line")
        done < "$list_file"
    fi
}

validate_src_dirs() {
    local -n _src_dirs=$1
    local valid_dirs=()
    for dir in "${_src_dirs[@]}"; do
        if [[ -d "$dir" ]]; then
            valid_dirs+=("$dir")
        else
            echo "Warning: '$dir' is not a valid directory. Skipping." >&2
        fi
    done
    _src_dirs=("${valid_dirs[@]}")

    if [[ ${#_src_dirs[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
        echo "Error: No valid source directories to back up." >&2
        print_usage
    fi
}

init_tmp_dir() {
    mktemp -d -t backup-tmp-XXXXXX
}

count_files() {
    local exclude_args=()
    local src_dirs=()
    while [[ "$1" != "--" ]]; do
        exclude_args+=("$1")
        shift
    done
    shift # skip the "--"
    src_dirs=("$@")

    local count=0
    for dir in "${src_dirs[@]}"; do
        local find_cmd=(find . -xdev)
        if [[ ${#exclude_args[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
            find_cmd+=(\( "${exclude_args[@]}" -prune \) -o -print)
        fi
        pushd "$dir"
        count=$((count + $("${find_cmd[@]}" | wc -l)))
        popd
    done >/dev/null
    echo "$count"
}

run_rsync_backup() {
    local src_dirs=(${!1})
    local dest_path="$2"
    local file_count="$3"
    local -n exclude_paths=$4
    local exclude_file="$5"

    echo "Starting backup..."

    for dir in "${src_dirs[@]}"; do
        local base="$(basename "$dir")"
        local dest_dir="$dest_path/$base"

        local rsync_opts=("-aAvx")
        rsync_opts+=("--delete")
        for e in "${exclude_paths[@]}"; do
            rsync_opts+=("--exclude=$e")
        done
        if [[ -n "$exclude_file" ]]; then
            rsync_opts+=("--exclude-from=$exclude_file")
        fi

        rsync "${rsync_opts[@]}" "$dir"/ "$dest_dir"/
    done | pv -ltps "$file_count" > /dev/null
    echo "Rsync completed."
}

compress_backup() {
    local tmp_dir="$1"
    local target_path="$2"
    local archive_type="$3"

    echo "Creating archive: $target_path"
    case "$archive_type" in
        targz)
            tar czf - -C "$tmp_dir" . | pv -s "$(du -sb "$tmp_dir" | awk '{print $1}')" > "$target_path"
            ;;
        tar)
            tar cf - -C "$tmp_dir" . | pv -s "$(du -sb "$tmp_dir" | awk '{print $1}')" > "$target_path"
            ;;
        tarxz)
            tar cJf - -C "$tmp_dir" . | pv -s "$(du -sb "$tmp_dir" | awk '{print $1}')" > "$target_path"
            ;;
        tarbz2)
            tar cjf - -C "$tmp_dir" . | pv -s "$(du -sb "$tmp_dir" | awk '{print $1}')" > "$target_path"
            ;;
        7z)
            7z a -mx=9 "$target_path" "$tmp_dir"/*
            ;;
        *)
            echo "Unsupported archive type or no compression." >&2
            print_usage
            ;;
    esac
    echo "Archive created successfully."
}

cleanup_tmp_dir() {
    local tmp_dir="$1"
    if [[ -n "$tmp_dir" && -d "$tmp_dir" ]]; then
        echo "Cleaning up temporary files..."
        rm -rf "$tmp_dir"
        echo "Done."
    fi
}

teardown() {
    echo "Do sync..."
    sync
}

main() {
    local TARGET_PATH=""
    local SRC_DIRS=()
    local LIST_FILE=""
    local ARCHIVE_TYPE="NONE"
    local EXCLUDE_PATHS=()
    local EXCLUDE_FILE=""

    parse_args TARGET_PATH SRC_DIRS LIST_FILE ARCHIVE_TYPE EXCLUDE_PATHS EXCLUDE_FILE "$@"
    load_dirs_from_list_file SRC_DIRS "$LIST_FILE"
    validate_src_dirs SRC_DIRS

    local exclude_args=()
    for e in "${EXCLUDE_PATHS[@]}"; do
        exclude_args+=( -path "./$e" -o )
    done
    if [[ -n "$EXCLUDE_FILE" ]]; then
        while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
            [[ -z "$line" || "$line" =~ ^# ]] && continue
            exclude_args+=( -path "$line" -o )
        done < "$EXCLUDE_FILE"
    fi
    [[ ${#exclude_args[@]} -gt 0 ]] && unset 'exclude_args[${#exclude_args[@]}-1]'

    local FILE_COUNT
    FILE_COUNT=$(count_files "${exclude_args[@]}" -- "${SRC_DIRS[@]}")

    if [[ "$ARCHIVE_TYPE" != "NONE" ]]; then
        local TMP_DIR
        TMP_DIR=$(init_tmp_dir)
        run_rsync_backup SRC_DIRS[@] "$TMP_DIR" "$FILE_COUNT" EXCLUDE_PATHS "$EXCLUDE_FILE"
        compress_backup "$TMP_DIR" "$TARGET_PATH" "$ARCHIVE_TYPE"
        cleanup_tmp_dir "$TMP_DIR"
    else
        mkdir -p "$TARGET_PATH"
        run_rsync_backup SRC_DIRS[@] "$TARGET_PATH" "$FILE_COUNT" EXCLUDE_PATHS "$EXCLUDE_FILE"
    fi

    teardown
}

# --- Entry Point ---
main "$@"